Higher Education at a Crossroads: University Presidents Tackle AI, Trust, and the Future of Learning

Higher Education Leaders Address Critical Challenges Amid AI and Societal Change

Joseph E. Aoun, President of Northeastern University, joined the heads of Harvard University and Williams College for a panel discussion that tackled the evolving role of higher education in society. The conversation took place during the International Boys’ School Coalition’s 2025 Conference at Belmont Hill School.

Aoun highlighted artificial intelligence as a driving force behind the need for change in education. “In a world where AI is becoming more and more powerful, what is the purpose of education?” he asked. He asserted that education should no longer focus on preparing students just for their first job, which is increasingly disappearing. Instead, it should prepare individuals for life, making universities lifelong partners in learning and civic engagement.

Rethinking the Purpose of Education

Harvard President Alan Garber agreed with Aoun’s perspective, pointing to Aoun’s book, Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Garber stressed the importance of equipping students to adapt to multiple careers across their lifetime rather than just their initial job after graduation.

Williams College President Maud Mandel emphasized the value of a liberal arts education, which cultivates transferable skills like problem-solving, collaboration, and adaptability. She described the ability to continually “retool” as essential not only for students but for all adults.

Challenges Facing Higher Education

The panel addressed a range of issues, including:

• The vital role of international students
• The importance of viewpoint diversity on campuses
• The future of learning in an AI-driven environment

All three presidents agreed that higher education is at a pivotal moment. Aoun explained that the post-World War II social compact—where universities received nonprofit status and federal funding in exchange for educating citizens and advancing knowledge—is fraying. He emphasized the need to rebuild trust, particularly as AI reshapes employment and societal expectations.

“People started saying, ‘Wait, I’m not getting what I got before,’” Aoun noted. He admitted that higher education institutions have collectively struggled to clearly communicate their value.

Addressing Trust and Diversity

Trust in higher education has declined, with just 30% of the U.S. population expressing confidence in these institutions. This skepticism extends to the value of advanced degrees amid broader declines in institutional trust.

Garber raised the issue of viewpoint diversity, asking whether universities truly engage with the full range of societal concerns if faculty and students don’t represent diverse perspectives. This diversity is crucial to teaching, learning, and research.

Core Principles for Moving Forward

Mandel highlighted the classroom as a space for courage, empathy, and deep listening—skills necessary for navigating difficult conversations and social pressures. She believes well-trained educators can foster environments where diverse viewpoints are respected and explored without bias.

Garber called for overcoming the fear of open dialogue, noting that faculty often hesitate to address sensitive topics due to concerns about offending others or being misinterpreted. Universities must encourage fearless expression to advance learning and research.

Aoun stressed lifelong learning and experiential education as key to renewing the social compact. He pointed to Northeastern’s global university system as an example of adapting to varied local expectations while maintaining a broad perspective.

The Path Forward

The conversation made clear that higher education must:

• Redefine its purpose beyond job preparation to lifelong learning
• Rebuild trust with society by demonstrating clear value
• Embrace viewpoint diversity and open dialogue
• Leverage experiential learning to equip students with versatile skills

These changes will help institutions remain relevant and effective amid technological advancements like AI and the shifting needs of society.

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