NATO Accelerates AI and Quantum Research to Counter Emerging Threats
NATO’s Science and Technology Organization advances AI and quantum research to enhance security and military operations. Projects include AI-driven design and quantum-based sensing technologies.
NATO Advances Research in AI and Quantum Technologies
NATO’s Science and Technology Organization (STO) is actively exploring artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing to address contemporary security challenges. This focus was highlighted during TechNet International 2025 in Brussels, where Capt. Salvatore Calabro, head of the Italian Navy Science and Technology Advice branch at NATO’s Office of the Chief Scientist, outlined current projects and strategic priorities.
Emerging Technology Trends to 2045
In April, NATO released a trends report analyzing the impact of emerging and disruptive technologies between 2025 and 2045. The report evaluates connections between science advancements and their geopolitical, economic, and societal effects, providing a framework for NATO’s research directions.
Calabro emphasized the urgent need to integrate AI into military systems despite some skepticism. AI-enabled sensors, for example, improve detection capabilities against camouflage and deception. Virtual reality enhances training by boosting situational awareness and mission planning without replacing human decision-makers.
AI in Design and Operational Support
One notable initiative focuses on using AI for vehicle design, employing machine learning to automate the process from concept to detailed design. This approach aims to streamline development cycles and improve system reliability. Additionally, NATO is investigating extended reality technologies for distributed planning and 3D geospatial data analysis.
Quantum Research and Its Challenges
Quantum technology remains a complex area with implementation challenges. NATO is working on accelerating the development of quantum computing capabilities and exploring military applications such as:
- Quantum computing for military problem-solving
- Quantum-based radio frequency and electromagnetic sensing
- Multidomain quantum key distribution for secure communications
- Military quantum internet development
- Quantum-aided design processes
The STO’s Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) facilitates collaborative projects among NATO member scientists. In 2024, NATO established its first Quantum Laboratory at CMRE, focusing on the intersection of quantum science and maritime applications.
Real-World Applications and Tools
Calabro highlighted examples such as a multidomain sensor incorporating quantum technology and an AI-driven software tool designed to detect suspicious maritime activity. These projects demonstrate NATO’s commitment to applying advanced science for enhanced security operations.
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